Expansion stud



1w. B.'IEMPLET0N.

EXPANSION STUD.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. s, 1920.

Patented Apr. 25, 1922.

IMX/672207@ WM5/15 YkZO/a. f @www UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WALTER 4IB. TEMPLETON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

EXPANSION STUD.-

Application led November 3. 1920. Serial No. 421,476.

To aZl whom t may concern:

Be it known that I` VALTER B. TEMPLE- ToN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chica o, in the county of Cook and State of Illinols, have invented certain new and useful Improvements ,in Expansion Studs, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in what are commonly known' as expansion studs, bolts, rivets and like devices which are made hollow and are secured permanently in place to unite two members through which they are passed by having a. cast or forged head or ange at one end and by having the metal at the other end extruded and expanded by a ewa-ging tool driven into or through the device. Expansion rivets of this general type are sometimes used for strongly and permanently' uniting two or more plates or strips through which they are passed. On the other hand, where two members are united in such a manner that one may have a `free swingino' or pivotal movement on the other, the plvot stud in such cases has usually taken the form of an ordinary machine screw or a bolt and nut, either of which easily works itself loose and falls out of place. Pivot studs of this screw and bolt type have long been used in lifting jacks and like tools; and the unreliability of such devices has suggested to me the desirability of a pivot stud of simple and cheap construction that will be permanently and innnovably held and secured in working posit-ion, as a result of which I have devised the pivot stud forming the subject matter of the present invention which adapts the broad principle' of the expansion rivet to a special eld wherein it has peculiar utility as a pivot stud that will allow perfect freedom of pivotal or swinging movement of one member on another, and yet can never work loose or out of place.

My invention, its mode of use, and the advantages inherent therein will be readily understood and appreciated by persons skilled in the art from the following detailed de scription, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing in which I have illus-A trated one simple and practical embodiment of the invention, and wherein Fig. 1 is a front elevation showing a stationary wall or plate and a movable arm or lever permanently pivoted thereon through the agency of my improved expansion stud;

F 1g. 2 is a section taken on the line 2 2 of Flg. l;

Figs 3, 4, and 5 are perspective detail views, s1m1lar to Fig. 2, illustrating the manner of applying and permanently securmg the p1vot stud in place, and the pre-l ferred instrumentalities for performing such operatlons; and

Fig. 6 is a perspective elevation of the eX-l pansion stud in its original form and before 1t has been partly transformed through apphation to the parts which it serves to connec Referring tothe drawings, 5 may designate a flat stationary plate, strip or wall, and 6 an arm or lever which is to be pivotally mounted upon the member 5. As one practical example of an application of this invention which I have found to be of great utility in practice, the wall 5 may represent an internal fixed wall of the frame of a lifting jack, and the pivoted member 6 may represent a pivoted pawl-reversing trigger. The stationary member 5 is formed i with a circulal' aperture 7, and the pivoted member 6 is also formed with a slightly larger circular aperture 8.

In the apertures 7 and 8 is fitted my improved eXpansion stud which consists of a short tubular member of malleable metal having a general cup-shape. This member has a round body portion 9 which fits the hole 7 of the wall 5, it has an inner annular shoulder 10 which fits against one side of the wall 5; it has an outer annular shoulder 11 which its against the corresponding side of the pivoted member G, and between the shoulders 11 and 10 it has a round bearing 12 for the pivoted member 6 and fitting the hole 8 of the latter.

The bore 13 of the expansion stud is of uniform diameter, for the most part, and at its inner end communicates freely with a conical opening 14 formed in and through a transverse end wall 15 of the stud.

To apply the stud. the latter is first positioned as shown in Fig. 3, the Istud being entered through the holes 7 and 8 of the two members 5 and 6 which are to be connected. A tapered swaging tool A is then entered into the bore 13, and is driven clear through the apertured bottom wall 15 by hammer blows upon a driver B. Figs. 3. 4 and 5 clearly and simply illustrate the manner in which the swaging tool A is driven through the expansion stud by the driver B; this having the effect of ext-ruding and radially spreading the comparatively soft metal forming the bottom wall l5 of the stud out aroundthat portion of the rear surface of the wall 5 which immediately surrounds the opening 7 of t-he latter. By this operation the expansion stud is strongly and permanently secured to the wall 5, and the movable member 6 is pivot-ally supported on its bearing 12 and confined against escape by the shoulder 11 on one side and the proximate wall of the member 5 on the other. The inner annular shoulder l() prevents the possibility of the pivoted member 6 becoming unduly 4clamped orjammed against the member 5 so that it Will not swing freely.

It will beobserved that the swaging tool A tapers in opposite directions from a maximum diameter a, which is slightly greater than the uniform diameter of the driver or follower B. This swaging tool is used in all situations where the tool A can be recovered after it has been driven through the stud, for the reason that it makes the return movementof the driver B very easy. Of course` the t-Wo tools A and B may be combined into a single tool having a tapered forward end, but such a tool usually requires some force for its removal after it has been driven through the stud far enough to extrude and expand the metal at the closed end of the latter.

lVhile I have shown and described the expansion stud as forming a pivot stud for two relatively movable members to be permanently united. yet it may also be used to advantage as a hollow expansion rivet to permanently unite two members which are not relatively movable, as for instance, a combined rivet and vent for a tubular washing barrel. or a steam distributor, and hence l do not limit the invention in its broadest aspects to its use as a pivot stud.

It is believed that the struc-tural features. uses and advantages of this simple device will he readily apparent from the foregoing description. Manifestly the exact form and proportions may be varied to acconm'lodate different uses and situations without involving any departure from the principle or sacrificing any of thc advantages of the invention. Hence` l reserve all such variations and modifications as fall within the spirit and purview of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. An expansion stud adapted to permanently and pivotally attach a movable member to a stationary member, consisting of a wall adapted to be expanded, by a swaging tool driven therethrough, against the opposite surface of said stationary member. l

2. An expansion stud adapted to permanently attach al pivotal member to-and on a stationary member` consisting of a generally cup-shaped member of malleable metal having adjacent tov one end` therof inner and outer annular shoulders adapted to bear against the surfaces of said stationary and pivotal members respectively, ahd at the opposite end thereof a centrally apertured transverse Wall adapted to be expanded, by a swaging tool driven therethrough, against the opposite surface of said stationary member.

3. An expansion stud for permanently mounting a pivotal member on a stationary member, comprising a tubular member of malleable metal having adjacent to one end thereof an annular shoulder adapted to bear against the surface of said pivotal member, a narrower annular shoulder adapted to bear against one surface of said stationary member, and a bearing for said pivotal member between said shoulders; said tubular member having at its other end a transverse wall formed with a central conical aperture adapted to receive the pointed end of a swaging tool whereby said transverse Wall may be radially expanded against the opposite surface of said stationary member.

4. The combination with a pair of members having registering apertures, of an eX- pansion rivet adapted to permanently unite said mem-bers and consisting of a hollow member of malleable metal having a body portion fitting the apertures of said members. annular shoulders at one end bearing against corresponding walls of said members. and an apertured transverse wall at its other end expanded against a side of one of said members. l

The combination with a pair of members having registering holes of different diameters. of an expansion rivet for permanently uniting said members and consisting of a tubular member having body `portions fitting the apertures of said members respectively` annular shoulders bearing against corresponding walls of said members, and a transverse wall expanded against a side of one of said members.

WALTER B. TEMPLETON. 

